dotlah! dotlah!
  • Cities
  • Technology
  • Business
  • Politics
  • Society
  • Science
  • About
Social Links
  • zedreviews.com
  • citi.io
  • aster.cloud
  • liwaiwai.com
  • guzz.co.uk
  • atinatin.com
0 Likes
0 Followers
0 Subscribers
dotlah!
  • Cities
  • Technology
  • Business
  • Politics
  • Society
  • Science
  • About
  • Science

Complex Birdsongs Help Biologists Piece Together The Evolution Of Lifelong Learning

  • September 6, 2019
Total
0
Shares
0
0
0

Bonjour! Ni hao! Merhaba! If you move to a new country as an adult, you have to work much harder to get past that initial “hello” in the local language than if you’d moved as a child. Why does it take so much effort to learn a new language later in life?

Vocal learning in birds is a lot like how people learn language. Alexandra Giese/Shutterstock.com

Our human ability to learn language slows down as we get older, but scientists are not sure how or why this happens. An unexpected way to understand this learning process might come from listening to birds sing.

After all, songbirds have a lot to learn. They don’t hatch knowing what songs to sing, or how to sing them. Instead, they must learn their species’ song. Young birds listen to adult birds and then practice copying the adult’s song syllables until they sound right. If they fail to learn an appropriate song, male birds will have difficulty attracting mates or defending their territories.

How do birds learn to sing?

This process of vocal learning is remarkably similar to how humans learn language: Babies listen to their parents speaking and then practice making the same sounds by babbling. Because these processes are so similar, birds have long been used to study vocal learning.

However, while these learning processes are similar, the functions of speech and song are quite different. Human speech is complex and made up of many sounds that we use to convey an infinite number of ideas to each other. Birds only need to announce their presence to mates and rivals, yet their song can also be made of a repertoire of hundreds or thousands of unique syllables. What benefit could these more elaborate songs offer males?

Birdsong researchers have long thought that these elaborate repertoires are the product of sexual selection: If males that know more syllables attract more mates or repel more rivals, they’ll be more successful in the mating game. Then, the species should evolve larger syllable repertoires over time. Indeed, we have previously found that females seem to prefer the most verbose males primarily in species that already have a lot of syllables.

Even adult European starlings can add to their complex repertoire by learning new syllables. Soru Epotok/Shutterstock.com

Learning with ease – within the window

Songbirds have evolved to be incredibly diverse – their songs range from simple to complex, and their song-learning processes are similarly divergent. From species to species, the duration of the song-learning window varies widely.

Some songbirds, called closed-ended learners, can only learn song for a short period of time. For example, zebra finches must perfect their song by the time they are 90 days old. After that, they never change their tune. In contrast, open-ended learners, like the European starling, have very long learning windows. Humans might be somewhere in between – we can learn language easily for a number of years, but it becomes much more challenging in adulthood.

Why do some birds only learn for a short period of time, while others learn for life? How does a longer learning window affect their song? Could mating preferences, such as females preferring complex songs, affect the evolution of learning? As biologists who are interested in how learned behaviors change over time, we wanted to investigate whether the songs birds learn can be linked to how their brains evolve. This could provide a crucial link between how learning evolves and why learning language as a human adult is so difficult.

The learning clock is ticking for zebra finch chicks. Olena Kurashova/Shutterstock.com

Evolving complex songs and lifelong learning

From an earlier study in a small number of species, we knew that open-ended learners know more unique syllables than those whose learning window closes sooner. This implied that song complexity and the learning window could influence one another’s evolution, but we had not yet shown that this was the case.

To investigate this possibility, we collected published field data to test whether the length of the song-learning window affected the evolution of song features such as song complexity, measured by the number of unique syllables that a bird sings. We also wanted to find an evolutionary order of events; did larger repertoires evolve before longer learning windows or vice versa?

We found that not only were song and syllable repertoires larger in open-ended learners, but they also evolved faster in these species relative to those that stopped learning before their first breeding season. Songbird species that learn elaborate songs with short learning windows quickly evolve either simpler songs or longer phases of learning. In contrast, species that learn simple songs during a longer learning window tended to evolve more elaborate songs or shorten the amount of time they spent learning.

Our results suggest a fascinating possibility: sexual selection for more elaborate songs can, in turn, favor the evolution of lifelong learning. This could be a key difference between the evolution of human language and the evolution of birdsong, since sexual selection is not likely to be acting on languages in the same way.

Together, our findings support two ideas: First, more elaborate repertoires are easier to learn when birds learn for a longer period of time. Second, longer learning may be costly, because birds with small repertoires that can be quickly learned appear to lose their ability to learn for longer windows of time.

These intuitive results help us build our birdsong story. If sexual selection favors larger repertoires, then the growth of a species’ syllable repertoire gives a competitive edge to birds with longer song-learning windows. In other words, just by preferring fancy songs, birds could have changed the evolution of their brains, increasing their capacity to learn.

Do humans also have long learning windows because the evolution of our complex language and cultures depended on it? If language learning is so valuable, why does it get so much more difficult as an adult? Future research on birds and their brains could help scientists understand more about why.

Nicole Creanza explains the authors’ most recent study findings.

The Conversation

Cristina Robinson, Ph.D. Candidate in Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University; Kate Snyder, Ph.D. Candidate in Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, and Nicole Creanza, Assistant Professor of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Total
0
Shares
Share
Tweet
Share
Share
Related Topics
  • Bird song
  • Birds
  • Language
  • Learning
  • Vocal Learning
majulah

Previous Article
  • Science

Analysis Of Global Cancer Data Shines Light On Alternative Gene “Switches” In Tumours

  • September 6, 2019
View Post
Next Article
  • Cities
  • Society

How People Talk Now Holds Clues About Human Migration Centuries Ago

  • September 9, 2019
View Post
You May Also Like
Semiconductor
View Post
  • Computing
  • Science

Decoding The Digital. Distinguishing Computer Science And Information Technology In Society And Industry.

  • Dean Marc
  • May 2, 2024
View Post
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Data
  • Research
  • Science

Generative AI Could Offer A Faster Way To Test Theories Of How The Universe Works

  • dotlah.com
  • March 17, 2024
Mercury
View Post
  • Science
  • Technology

Study: Global Deforestation Leads To More Mercury Pollution

  • dotlah.com
  • February 14, 2024
View Post
  • Science
  • Technology

Higher, Faster: What Influences The Aerodynamics Of A Football?

  • dotlah.com
  • February 11, 2024
View Post
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Science
  • Technology

A Glimpse Of The Next Generation Of AlphaFold

  • dotlah.com
  • November 6, 2023
View Post
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Machine Learning
  • Science
  • Technology

AI in the Classroom: Amii’s K-12 Pilot Program

  • dotlah.com
  • October 23, 2023
View Post
  • Science
  • Technology

Learning How To Learn

  • John Francis
  • October 23, 2023
View Post
  • Engineering
  • Science
  • Technology

With Psyche, A Journey To An Ancient Asteroid Is Set To Begin

  • dotlah.com
  • October 13, 2023


Trending
  • Ubuntu DeepComputing 1
    • Computing
    • Technology
    World’s first RISC-V Laptop gets a massive upgrade and equips with Ubuntu
    • June 13, 2024
  • 2
    • Lah!
    National Gallery Singapore Celebrates National Day
    • August 8, 2019
  • 3
    • Software
    • Technology
    Canonical Releases Ubuntu 25.04 Plucky Puffin
    • April 17, 2025
  • 4
    • Technology
    The Weird Wonders Of Combining 3D Printing With The Maths Of Pinecones And Sunflowers
    • August 13, 2019
  • Vehicle manufacturing 5
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Technology
    IBM Study: Vehicles Believed to be Software Defined and AI Powered by 2035
    • December 12, 2024
  • 6
    • Cities
    • Technology
    ABB Electrification Launches Virtual ‘Smart City’
    • November 4, 2019
  • 7
    • Lah!
    What You Need To Know About Davos 2020: How To Save The Planet
    • January 21, 2020
  • 8
    • Cities
    • World Events
    The World’s Best Airports 2020
    • May 13, 2020
  • 9
    • Cities
    5 Benefits Of Working For A Ride Share Program
    • August 18, 2020
  • 10
    • Society
    7 Dangerous Myths About Coronavirus Busted By The World Health Organization
    • February 11, 2020
  • 11
    • Technology
    IMDA To Make Available New 5G Spectrum Bands To All Mobile Network Operators
    • July 27, 2021
  • 12
    • Technology
    The Highest-Funded Fintech Startups In The World
    • September 25, 2020
Trending
  • 1
    Meralco PowerGen’s PacificLight starts up 100 MW fast-response plant in Singapore
    • June 20, 2025
  • 2
    A Father’s Day Gift for Every Pop and Papa
    • June 14, 2025
  • 3
    Apple services deliver powerful features and intelligent updates to users this autumn
    • June 12, 2025
  • 4
    Apple supercharges its tools and technologies for developers to foster creativity, innovation, and design
    • June 11, 2025
  • 5
    It’s time to stop debating whether AI is genuinely intelligent and focus on making it work for society
    • June 8, 2025
  • 6
    PBBM asks Singapore to invest more in PH renewable energy projects
    • June 6, 2025
  • 7
    Singapore PM Wong arrives in Malacañang
    • June 4, 2025
  • 8
    Renewable energy, carbon credits are priority areas of cooperation for Singapore, Philippines: Lawrence Wong
    • June 4, 2025
  • 9
    Singapore businesses eye more investments in PH, says PM Wong
    • June 4, 2025
  • 10
    The Summer Adventures : Hiking and Nature Walks Essentials
    • June 3, 2025
Social Links
dotlah! dotlah!
  • Cities
  • Technology
  • Business
  • Politics
  • Society
  • Science
  • About
Connecting Dots Across Asia's Tech and Urban Landscape

Input your search keywords and press Enter.